Skilled
Nursing (RN’s, LPN’s)
Registered
nurses (RNs) work to promote health, prevent disease, and help patients
cope with illness. They are advocates and health educators for patients,
families, and communities. When providing direct patient care, they
observe, assess, and record symptoms, reactions, and progress in
patients; administer medications; and assist in convalescence and
rehabilitation. RNs also develop and manage nursing care plans,
instruct patients and their families in proper care, and help individuals
take steps to improve or maintain their health. Home health nurses
assess patients’ home environments and instruct patients and
their families. Home health nurses care for a broad range of patients,
such as those recovering from illnesses and accidents, cancer, and
childbirth. They must be able to work independently and may supervise
home health aides.
Most LPNs provide basic
bedside care, taking vital signs such as temperature, blood pressure,
pulse, and respiration. They also prepare and give injections and
enemas, monitor catheters, apply dressings, treat bedsores, and
give alcohol rubs and massages. LPNs monitor their patients and
report adverse reactions to medications or treatments. They collect
samples for testing, perform routine laboratory tests, feed patients,
and record food and fluid intake and output. To help keep patients
comfortable, LPNs assist with bathing, dressing, and personal hygiene.
In States where the law allows, they may administer prescribed medicines
or start intravenous fluids. Some LPNs help deliver, care for, and
feed infants. Experienced LPNs may supervise nursing assistants
and aides. RETURN TO TOP
Respiratory
Therapy
Respiratory therapists
and respiratory therapy technicians—also known as respiratory
care practitioners—evaluate, treat, and care for patients
with breathing or other cardiopulmonary disorders. RETURN
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Occupational
Therapy
Occupational therapists
(OTs) help people improve their ability to perform tasks in their
daily living and working environments. They work with individuals
who have conditions that are mentally, physically, developmentally,
or emotionally disabling. They also help them to develop, recover,
or maintain daily living and work skills. Occupational therapists
help clients not only to improve their basic motor functions and
reasoning abilities, but also to compensate for permanent loss of
function. Their goal is to help clients have independent, productive,
and satisfying lives.Occupational therapists assist clients in performing
activities of all types, ranging from using a computer to caring
for daily needs such as dressing, cooking, and eating. RETURN
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Speech
Therapy
Speech-language pathologists,
sometimes called speech therapists, assess, diagnose, treat, and
help to prevent speech, language, cognitive, communication, voice,
swallowing, fluency, and other related disorders. Speech-language
pathologists work with people who cannot make speech sounds, or
cannot make them clearly; those with speech rhythm and fluency problems,
such as stuttering; people with voice quality problems, such as
inappropriate pitch or harsh voice; those with problems understanding
and producing language; those with cognitive communication impairments,
such as attention, memory, and problem solving disorders; and those
with hearing loss who use hearing aids or cochlear implants in order
to develop auditory skills and improve communication. They also
work with people who have swallowing difficulties. RETURN
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Physical
Therapy
Physical therapists
(PTs) provide services that help restore function, improve mobility,
relieve pain, and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities
of patients suffering from injuries or disease. They restore, maintain,
and promote overall fitness and health. Their patients include accident
victims and individuals with disabling conditions such as low-back
pain, arthritis, heart disease, fractures, head injuries, and cerebral
palsy. Treatment often includes exercise for patients who have been
immobilized and lack flexibility, strength, or endurance. Physical
therapists encourage patients to use their own muscles to increase
their flexibility and range of motion before finally advancing to
other exercises that improve strength, balance, coordination, and
endurance. The goal is to improve how an individual functions at
work and at home. RETURN TO TOP
Wound,
Ostomy, Continence Nurse
Wound, Ostomy, Continence
Nurse professionals who are experts in the care of patients with
wound, ostomy and continence problems. Wound, Ostomy and Continence
(WOC) Nurses manage conditions such as stomas, draining wounds,
fistulas, vascular ulcers, pressure ulcers, neuropathic wounds,
urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and functional disorders
of the bowel and bladder. RETURN TO TOP
Medical
Social Worker
Medical social workers
provide persons, families, or vulnerable populations with the psychosocial
support needed to cope with chronic, acute, or terminal illnesses,
such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, or AIDS. They also advise family
caregivers, counsel patients, and help plan for patients’
needs after discharge by arranging for at-home services—from
meals-on-wheels to oxygen equipment. Some work on interdisciplinary
teams that evaluate certain kinds of patients—geriatric or
organ transplant patients, for example. RETURN
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Commuunity
Mental Health Nurse
Community Mental Health
Nurses are certified mental health practitioners who provide treatment
to patients with moderate to severe emotional, mental and behavioral
problems. They can help manage medications and teach patients and
their caregivers, and help coordinate with community resources and
services. RETURN TO TOP
Certified
Home Health Aide
Home health aides
help elderly, convalescent, or disabled persons live in their own
homes instead of in a health facility. Under the direction of nursing
or medical staff, they provide health-related services, such as
administering oral medications. Home health aides may check patients’
pulse rates, temperatures, and respiration rates; help with simple
prescribed exercises; keep patients’ rooms neat; and help
patients move from bed, bathe, dress, and groom. Occasionally, they
change nonsterile dressings, give massages and alcohol rubs, or
assist with braces and artificial limbs. Experienced home health
aides also may assist with medical equipment such as ventilators,
which help patients breathe.
Most home health aides work with elderly or disabled persons who
need more extensive care than family or friends can provide. Some
help discharged hospital patients who have relatively short-term
needs. RETURN TO TOP
Personal
Care Aide
Personal Care aides
provide housekeeping and routine personal care services. They clean
clients’ houses, do laundry, and change bed linens. Aides
may plan meals (including special diets), shop for food, and cook.
Aides also may help clients move from bed, bathe, dress, and groom.
Some accompany clients outside the home, serving as a guide and
companion. RETURN TO TOP
Housekeeper
A Housekeeper can
perform daily chores around the home, such as laundry, light general
cleaning, dishes and dusting. They can also do some grocery shopping
and errands for the patient. RETURN TO TOP |